تاثیر امامکتین بنزوات و نانوفرمولاسیون آن در کنترل کنه تارتن دولکه‌ای Tetranychus urticae Koch

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is one of the major agricultural pests, and its control is crucial due to the wide range of hosts and its economic damage. Estimating both sublethal and lethal effects of pesticides is a reliable method for predicting the global impacts of pesticides. One of the methods to reduce environmental damage and increase the effectiveness of pesticides on target pests is the use of appropriate formulations. Micro and nanoformulation methods are relatively successful approaches in this field. Emamectin benzoate was nanoencapulated using polyethylene glycol (PEG). In this study, the lethal and sublethal effects of emamectin benzoate and its nanoencapsulated form (ema@NPs) were evaluated on the biological parameters of T. urticae under laboratory conditions at 25±2°C, 65±5% RH, and a photoperiod of 16:8 hours (light/dark). The obtained data were analyzed based on the theory of two-sex and stage-structured life tables. Emamectin and its nanoencapsulated form (ema@NPs) reduced the lifespan and overall life cycle duration in both male and female mites. LC30 concentration of ema@NP caused a significant reduction in the intrinsic rate of population increase (rm), net reproductive rate (R0), and finite rate of population increase (λ) compared to the control and conventional formulation. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis of the nanoparticle morphology revealed that the nanoparticles are spherical. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis estimated the average particle size distribution to be approximately 88.5 nanometers. In the persistence test with LC90 concentration Over a period of 20 days, it was shown that the durability of the active residue of nanoformulated emamectin was greater than that of the conventional formulation. Therefore, it can be concluded that the efficacy of the nanoformulated emamectin insecticide has been improved.