شناسایی قارچ‌های مولد زنگ در گیاهان خانواده گندمیان در منطقه سیستان

Pucciniales are among the pathogenic fungi on plants, which cause great damage to the agricultural sector by infecting crops. This group is an obligate parasite of plants and includes a wide host range of members of the plant family, including Lycopodiaceae, Polypodiopsida, Gymnosperms, Monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. Identifying fungi, especially rusts, is undoubtedly the first step in conducting research on them. Due to the economic importance of this group of fungi, the current research is to identify rust fungi on Gramineaceous plants in Sistan region. In this research, samples of herbaceous plants with symptoms such as yellow to brown pustules on leaves and stems were collected from different places in Sistan region during several stages in 2016-2017. Identification of host plants was done by Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection. To prepare microscopic slides, urediniospores and teliospores inside the pustules are separated directly from the surface of the leaf or cluster under a stereomicroscope and on a glass slide, in a drop of lactic acid-glycerin solution (distilled water 25 ml, lactic acid 25 ml and glycerin 50 ml) were placed. Morphological characteristics such as spore surface decoration, color, presence or absence of base, number of dimensions of different fungal organs including teliospores and urediniospores were investigated. In this study, according to the morphological characteristics of urediniospores and teliospores, four species of fungi, including Puccinia cynodontis, P. graminis, P. striiformis and P. bromine, were identified as rust fungi on Gramineaceous plants in Sistan region. According to the available information, P. bromine was reported for the first time in this research from the herbaceous plant Bromus gedrosianus. Also, the species Puccinia cynodontis obtained from chicken paw grass (Cynodon doctylon) in this research can be considered as a useful biocontrol agent in controlling this weed due to its host specificity