کنترل زمستانه کنه تارتن دو لکه‌ای و کنه قرمز اروپایی در باغات سیب چند استان کشور

Two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch and European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) are the most important pests of apple orchards. The pest mites in the three growth periods of flowering, leaf formation, growth and fruit formation lead to quantitative and qualitative reduction of apple tree products, and control of these is inevitable. The combination of winter and agricultural control was implemented in the apple orchards (Red delicious variety) of Tehran (Firuzkuh, Doblor village (39.6135 N 63.5489 E)), Isfahan (Semirom, Padana village (30.9287 N 51.6688 E)), and East Azerbaijan (Maragheh, Dashatal village (37.2087 N 46.2288 E) and West Azerbaijan (Urima, Balange village (49.8550 N 42.69734 E) provinces in the form of several treatments. The spider mite spends the winter in the form of mated adult females in the leaves of plant remains, and the red mite spends the winter in the form of overwintering eggs on the branches of trees. Between March and early April, five branches of at least 20 apple trees were selected separately in the four investigated areas and the number of red mite eggs was counted in two meters. Abamectin (0.5 ml/l), Apollo (0.25 ml/l), Tedion (2 ml/l), Nissorum (0.5ml/l))+ Volck oil (2%), Nissorun (0.5 ml/l)+ Dayabon (vegetable oil made from castor) (2 and 4 ml/l) and Volck oil (2%) were used when moderate to heavy infestation of red mite eggs in tree branches (80-100 per 2 m) observed. Randomized complete block design was used in several places and comparison of means was done with Tukey's test. In all cases, the control of red mite eggs after thirty days was significantly different from the control. The percentage of red mite egg mortality in Isfahan and Tehran provinces were 82.33 and 70.64% when used Abamectin respectively, and 85.67 and 47.28% when used Volck oil alone. In East Azerbaijan, the use of Apollo with Volck oil showed a significant decrease in the number of live red mite eggs, so that the number of eggs reached 11.32 from 102. In the West Azarbaijan province, the use of Tedion and Nissorum in winter showed a noticeable decrease in the red mite population. The mean mortality percentage of mites in Isfahan, Tehran, West Azerbaijan and East Azerbaijan province were 84, 59, 66, 77% respectively. The difference in the percentage of mortality of the mite pests was due to the change of weather conditions. In this research, the effect of winter plowing on the population of spider mite was investigated in different provinces. The percentage of mortality was reported in Isfahan, Tehran, West and East Azerbaijan provinces, 15.35, 18.35, 22 and 17.30%, respectively. In the combined control of harmful mites of apple trees, plowing and winter spraying have an acceptable effect.