بررسی اثر برخی قارچ‌کش‌های رایج علیه کپک خاکستری در گلخانه‌های جنوب استان کرمان

Gray mold disease is one of the common diseases of cucumber, especially in greenhouse cultivation. This pathogen have wide range host including beans, lettuce, peas, tomatoes, cucumbers, etc. Botrytis cinerea fungus infects all aerial parts of the plant and usually infected the plant through wounds. In high humidity condition fungi spores can be seen as gray mold. The control of this disease are proper ventilation between plants through proper pruning and aeration, strengthening the plant, increasing the plant's self-immunity, using calcium fertilizers and finally using chemical poisons. Due to the severity of damage caused by this disease, the use of chemical control is unavoidable. Common fungicides against this disease have different effects on the fungus that causes gray mold disease, so it is very important to determine the most effective fungicides with the appropriate carnes period. In this study, seven common fungicides in the region were investigated for their efficacy in controlling Botrytis cinerea fungus on cucumber plants in greenhouse conditions. These fungicides include Signum (Boscalid + Pyraclostrobin, 1.5/1000), Rovral TS (Iprodione + Carbendazim, 1/1000), Luna (Trifloxastrobinine + flupiram, 0.4 /1000), Bellkute (Iminoctadine Trace, 500 gr/ha), Nativo (Tebuconazole+ Trifloxystrobin, 160 gr/ha), Daconil (Chlortalonyl, 2 lL/ha) , and Captan, 2.5/1000). Signum is a systemic fungicide with protective and therapeutic properties, while Rovral TS is a fungicide with protective and systemic properties that prevent hyphae and spore germination. Luna has a penetrating systemic effect with protective and therapeutic properties. Bellkute is a contact and protective fungicide, Nativo has a preventive and curative effect, Daconil is a non-systemic fungicide with a protective effect, and Captan has protective and curative properties. The study used a complete randomized block design with four replications to evaluate the efficacy of these fungicides. The results of the analysis of variance showed a significant effect of the different treatments (control and fungicide) on the number of flowers and fruits of cucumber infected with B. cinerea fungus in greenhouse conditions at a probability level of 1%. The fungal contamination was natural and consistent across all treatments. Although all fungicides reduced the number of infected flowers and fruits, Signum and Luna showed the greatest effectiveness. Signum and Luna fungicides reduced the number of infected flowers by 47% and 17%, respectively, compared to the control. Similarly, Signum and Luna reduced the number of infected fruits by 54% and 23%, respectively, compared to the control. Based on these findings, Signum and Luna fungicides are effective in controlling B. cinerea in cucumber greenhouses.