بررسی اثرات آللوپاتیکی عصاره آبی ساپونین و بقایای کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa) بر شاخص های جوانه زنی بذور جودره (Hordeum spontaneum) در آزمایشگاه

The adverse effects and persistence of chemical pesticides in nature for a long time have led researchers to think about using nature and natural materials to control weeds. In this regard, allelopathy can be mentioned as one of the methods of sustainable and organic management of crops. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is one of the plants belonging to the Chenopodium family, which has allelopathic effects due to the high amount of phenolic compounds in its different parts and can be used to control weeds. For this purpose, the project to investigate the allelopathic effects of saponin and quinoa residues extract, Titicaca cultivar, on germination of Wild barley seeds was carried out at the National Salinity Research Center, during 2022 and 2023. Wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) is one of the invader and damaging weeds in wheat farms. Wild barley ripens faster than wheat, and at the stage of full ripening, the terminal part of the spike breaks in a V-shape and its seeds fall on the soil surface. The seeds of this weed need an after ripening period for germination. The duration of this period varies in different genotypes. Due to the high genetic affinity of Wild barley with wheat and barley, common herbicides do not have much effect on Wild barley. Therefore, at present, the management of this weed is only possible through non-chemical methods, prevention, seed and field hygiene, crop rotation and other non-chemical methods. In this study, the allelopathic effects of aqueous extract of saponin and different organs of quinoa, Titicaca cultivar, on germination of
Eruca sativa was investigated in a factorial design based on a completely randomized design with two factors: 1- Plant organ type including saponin, stems and leaves, roots, stems, leaves and inflorescence with control (distilled water) and 2- Concentrations of 100, 50, 25, 10 and zero percent with three replications in the laboratory and in the growth chamber. Germination percentage, germination rate, mean germination time, stem length, root length and seed vigor were the most important traits that were determined and analyzed. Based on the results, the effect of organ type (stem and leaf, root, stem and leaf and inflorescence mixture) and saponin on all studied factors was significant at 1% probability level compared to the control. In this experiment, stem and leaf extract had the highest effect in all studied factors. Also, the concentration in all studied traits was significant at the 1% probability level compared to the control and the effect of the treatment increased with increasing concentration. However, the difference between 100% and 50% concentrations was not significant.