بررسی اثرات آللوپاتیکی عصاره آبی ساپونین و بقایای کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa) بر شاخص های جوانه زنی بذور منداب (Eruca sativa) در آزمایشگاه

Weed control by cover crops and plant residues is one of the important methods to manage sustainable and organic crop production.. Different species of the Chenopodium family have allelopathic effects due to the presence of active terpene and phenolic compounds. Quinoa is one of the plants belonging to this family that has a very high amount of phenolic substances in its different parts and can have this ability. Quinoa, as an facultative halophytes, can be cultivated in saline soils and areas where it is possible to irrigate with unconventional and very saline waters. In order to investigate the possibility of achieving a non-chemical control method and reducing the use of chemical herbicides, the project to investigate the allelopathic effects of saponin and quinoa residues extract, Titicaca cultivar, on germination of .Eruca sativa seeds was carried out at the National Salinity Research Center, during 2022 and 2023. Eruca sativa has medicinal, forage, and nutritional applications. But it is usually grown as a weed in wheat and other farms. In this study, the allelopathic effects of aqueous extract of saponin and different organs of quinoa, Titicaca cultivar on germination of Eruca sativa was investigated in a factorial design based on a completely randomized design with two factors: 1- plant organ type including saponin, stems and leaves, roots, stems, leaves and inflorescence with control (distilled water) and 2- Concentrations of 100, 50, 25, 10 and zero percent with three replications in the laboratory and in the growth chamber. In this experiment, germination percentage, germination rate, mean germination time, normal seedling percentage, stem length, root length and seed vigor were determined and statistically analyzed. Based on the results, the effect of plant organ type (stem and leaf, root, stem and leaf and inflorescence mixture) and saponin on all studied factors was significant at 1% probability level compared to the control, saponin extract had the highest effect in all studied factors and quinoa root extract had the lowest effect. The concentration in all studied traits was significant at the 1% probability level compared to the control and the effect of the treatment increased with increasing concentration. At 100% concentration of stem and leaf extract, saponin and a mixture of stem, leaf and inflorescence, no seeds germinated. Therfore the output of all studied traits was zero. Also, Saponin extract inhibited germination 100% at a concentration of 50% .