کاربرد قارچ Lentinula edodes برای کنترل بیماری پوسیدگی فوزاریومی ریشه و طوقه گندم

Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium psudograminearnm are amongst the causal agents of wheat root and crown rot, which cause reduction of the quality and quantity of wheat yield, every year. Due to the increase in resistance to chemical poisons and environmental hazards, methods of natural origin such as using beneficial fungi have been considered as a strategy for management of wheat root and crown rot disease in recent years in order to reduce the use of agrochemical compounds. The fungus Lentinula edodes is one of the edible and medicinal mushrooms of the Agaricomycetes class with antimicrobial and antifungal properties against a wide range of plant and human pathogens. In the present research, first the non-volatile metabolites (NVM) of L. edodes were obtained after 20 days in Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) culture medium and prepared with 0.1, 1 and 10% concentrations. Then, 11 groups were defined based on different treatments of the metabolites and the pathogens in greenhouse conditions (temperature 30±4 °C, 16 h light and 8 h darkness, with 60 to 80% humidity). The spore suspension of F. graminearum and F. psudograminearnm were inoculated with two concentrations of 1 x 106 and 1 x 105 spores per mL, respectively, and with a volume of 250 µL containing 0.05% Tween 20 on the crown and roots of each plant in two cultivars (Pishgaam and Falat) at 14 days growth stage two days after treating the wheat plants with 10 mL of the NVM. Disease index and effect of the metabolites of L. edodes were evaluated after 21 days for the plants with each treatment and statistical data analysis was done using Duncan's test at the level of p<0.05. The results of this research showed that in Pishgaam cultivar, the NVM with 1% concentration in combination with F. psudograminearnm reduced the disease index up to 97% level and in combination with F. graminearum up to 67% level, which showed superiority compared to the other concentrations of the NVM. In the Falat cultivar, the lowest value of the disease index was obtained in combination of 1% NVM with F. graminearum which was 6.7, that reduced the disease index by two times compared to the same condition in the Pishgaam cultivar. Therefore, application of the metabolites secreted by L. edodes can be introduced as a novel and effective method to decrease damages of Fusarium spp. in wheat.