ترکیبات زیست فعال قارچ‌های اندوفیت اکالیپتوس بر اساس تجزیه و تحلیل کروماتوگرافی-گازی

The genus Eucalyptus, is globally cultivated for its multifaceted utility, including its medicinal properties, production of oil, gum, pulp, timber, paper manufacturing, charcoal, and etc. Endophytic fungi represent a category of microorganisms that inhabit plant tissues throughout their lifecycle, or at least a substantial portion thereof, without causing any visible symptoms. These fungi are notable for their capacity to produce a wide array of bioactive compounds with demonstrated utility in agriculture and pharmaceuticals. In this research, some endophytic fungi, isolated from healthy and symptomless Eucalyptus camaldulensis, with antifungal activity against some pathogenic fungi including Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani were selected. Selected fungi including two isolates of Trichoderma longibrachiatum, and one isolate of species Chaetomium globosum, Pseudosydowia eucalypti and Phaeophleospora eucalypticola, were evaluated to identify bioactive compounds utilizing Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The methodology involved assessing molecular weight, peak area, mass fragmentation, and retention time as critical factors in the identification process. Based on the results all isolates exhibited phenolic activity (0.8 to 2.7 percent). Upon analysis of the data, it was determined that a total of 19, 21, 18, 22, and 19 various combinations were identified across investigated isolates, including T. longibrachiatum KL1, T. longibrachiatum 8S1, C. globosum DL4, Ph. eucalypticola XL4, and Ps.eucalypti VL3. Among these, respectively, 7, 5, 8, 2, and 7 combinations were recognized as being efficacious in the domains of biocontrol, resistance induction, and enhancement of both health and growth parameters in the host plant. Isopropyl Myristate was also seen in all isolates significantly (5.99-16.69%), which has antifungal properties and capacity to indirectly facilitate increased fertilizer uptake and serve as a plant growth regulator. Notably, both isolates of T. longibrachiatum demonstrated substantial quantities of Cyclonerolidol (5 and 8%), a potent antifungal and antibacterial compound, alongside Cadina-1,4-diene (0.6 and 1.86%, which is implicated in plant defense mechanisms. Except for C. globosum, all other isolates synthesized Methyl Hexadecanoate (1.34-6.11%). This substance acts as a plant growth regulator, affecting fruit and vegetable ripening, and potentially enhances crops' resistance to pests and diseases. With the exception of Ps. eucalypti, all isolates demonstrated the capacity to synthesize Octabenzone (1.62-3.75%), a compound renowned for its antioxidant properties. The recent exploration of various medicinal plants for bioactive potential has led to the growing interest to explore their endophytes for such bioactive potential which may turn out to be better option than the plants.