ارزیابی تاثیر متابولیت های غیر فرار قارچ Lentinula edodes و آلودگی گیاه بهspp. Fusarium بر محتوای آب نسبی سلول های گیاه گندم

Agaricomycetes are among the fungi of Basidiomycota group, which some of them have known antimicrobial and antifungal compounds against a wide range of plant and human pathogens. Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium psudograminearnm pathogens are among the fungi that cause root and crown rot of wheat and cause significant damage, every year. Using methods of natural origin can reduce the excessive consumption of chemical poisons that cause biological hazards and occurrence of resistance in populations of the pathogenic fungi. Using beneficial fungi as a biological control method can help to control and manage diseases such as root and crown rot. Lentinula edodes mushroom belongs to Agaricomycetes, which can show antimicrobial and antifungal effects against plant and human pathogens. In this research, we investigated the effect of three different concentrations (0.1, 1, and 10%) of the 20 days old non-volatile metabolite obtained from L. edodes fungus and two Fusarium species causing wheat crown and root rot on the relative water contents of the cells of two wheat cultivars (Falaat and Pishgam). For this purpose, 11 treatments were used, including different concentrations of the metabolites, pathogens and their combination. In the combined treatments, inoculation was done by the spore suspension of F. graminearum and F. psudograminearnm with 1 x 106 and 1 x 105 spores/mL concentrations containing 0.05% Tween 20, respectively, with amount of 250 µL on each crown and root of 14 days old wheat seedlings.After 21 days of storage in optimal greenhouse conditions (16 and 8 h of light and darkness, respectively, with 60 to 80 % humidity and 30±4 ºC temperature), relative water content of the plant cells was measured and the obtained data were analyzed using Duncan's test with at least 3 repetitions at P<0.05 level in comparison with the control samples. The obtained results showed that in Pishgaam cultivar, in the best case, the use of 1% concentration of metabolite can increase relative water content of the root by 4 times compared to the control sample. Pathogens F. graminearum and F. psudograminearnm caused a sharp decrease and increase in the relative water content of the roots, respectively. Also, in this case, the metabolite inoculation with 1% concentration could control relative water content of the root. Also, in the Falaat variety, the use of metabolite at 1% concentration increased the relative water content by 60%. Therefore, application of the metabolites secreted by the beneficial fungus L. edodes is leading to protect and increase relative water content of the plant cells in stress conditions.