بررسی تاثیر روغن و عصاره چریش در کنترل بیماری‌‌ کپک خاکستری توت فرنگی

One of the most important strawberry diseases, especially in humid weather conditions, is strawberry gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea, which is one of the most important limiting factors for strawberry cultivation and production all over the world, including Iran. Considering the limitations related to the use of fungicides in strawberry fields, the necessity of using low-risk and compatible effective compounds with the environment and replacing them with common fungicides makes it inevitable. One of the plants whose economic importance has been determined for humans since the fourth century is neem tree (Azadirachta indica). In this research, the effectiveness of concentrations of 1, 2, 4 and 8 per thousand prepared from neem oil and aqueous and alcoholic extracts of neem seeds on the agent of gray mold disease in invitro conditions through the test of mixing with PDA culture medium compared to commercial Neemazal®. Based on the results, the oil and aqueous extracted from the seed at concentrations of 4 and 8 per thousand with about 30% control ability showed a significant difference with the control and they were placed in a statistical group with the results obtained from the concentrations of 4 and 8 per thousand commercial Neemazal®. Meanwhile, the concentrations of four and eight thousand alcoholic extracts to control gray mold were placed in two statistical groups’ f and g with 64.7 and 80.9%, respectively, and showed a significant difference with other treatments. Therefore, by observing the first symptoms of the disease in the greenhouse, the effect of the alcoholic extract on the control of the strawberry gray mold disease agent with doses of 2, 4 and 8 per thousand compared to commercial Neemazal® with a dose of 4 and 8 per thousand was evaluated fourteen days after foliar spraying. The results showed that the best treatment in greenhouse conditions was related to the alcoholic extract with a dose of eight per thousand with 80% control efficiency. Therefore, neem extract can be used as a natural compound with high control potential in non-chemical group.