شناسایی آفات مهم کلزا (Brassica napus L.) و تعیین سطح اهمیت آن‌ها در مناطق مختلف استان زنجان

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is one of the most important oilseeds worldwide and increasing its cultivation area is among the objectives of the Ministry of Agriculture in Iran. This plant is attacked by a wide range of pests, some of which can seriously challenge its production. Therefore, identifying and providing solutions to reduce their damage seems necessary. Due to the lack of previous studies on the identification of rapeseed pests and diseases in Zanjan province, studies were conducted to identify rapeseed insect pests in different regions of the province. Thus, during the years 1402-1403 (2023-2024), different growth stages of rapeseed fields in Zanjan, Tarom, Abhar, Khorramdareh, and Soltanieh counties were visited. Using various sampling methods, including direct observation and examination of leaves in the vegetative growth stage, shaking buds and terminal stems of the plant into trays, and sweep netting in the flowering and pod formation stages, different life stages of pests were collected from rapeseed fields throughout a cropping season. To obtain adult insects, their immature stages were reared in the plant protection laboratory of Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, and then the pest insects were identified. Finally, the major and dominant species were determined. The results showed that in the vegetative growth stage, rapeseed field pests included flea beetles (Phyllotreta spp. and Psylliodes spp.) and cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L.). In the flowering stage, they included flower scarab beetles (Oxythyrea cinctella Schaum and Epicometis hirta Poda), common pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus Fabricius), and tobacco thrips (Thrips tabaci Linderman). In the pod formation and seed setting stages, they included diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.), leaf miner fly (Liriomyza spp.), rapeseed seed bug (Nusius cymoides Spinola), red turnip beetle (Entomoscelis adonidis Pallas), and tobacco thrips. Among these, cabbage aphid, flea beetles, and diamondback moth are the most serious rapeseed pests in Zanjan province, respectively, forcing rapeseed growers in the province to take control measures.