بررسی متابولیسم‌های حدواسط کفشدوزک Adalia bipunctata شکارگر شته سبز گندم Sitobion avenae تحت تاثیر کودهای ریزوباکتریایی محرک رشد و ریزمغذی‌

Making induced resistance in plants via biological and chemical fertilizers is one of the effective strategies in pest control management, which affects the interactions of plants, insect pest and natural enemy and in many cases, reduces the population of the pest. Two-spotted ladybird, Adalia bipunctata L. (Col.: Coccinellidae) is a polyphagous predator and one of the useful agents in agricultural ecosystems, which is used in the biological control of aphids, in particular Sitobion avenae. There are various criteria for evaluation and selection of biological control agents. One of these criteria is assessing the physiological traits of the population. Therefore, in the present study, intermediate metabolites of third and fourth instar larvae and adult of two-spotted ladybugs fed on S. avenae grown on wheat plants treated with Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacterial fertilizers (Probio96 and Biofarm) and chemical micronutrients (Alpha-Iron and Librel Zinc) have been investigated. The results showed, the highest and the lowest activity levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline and acid phosphatase enzymes of 3rd instar larvae were obtained in Probio96 (1.40, 2.85 and 2.17 units/mg protein) and Librel Zinc (0.60, 1.31 and 1.37 units/mg of protein) treatments, respectively. Moreover, the highest and lowest activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase enzyme were recorded on the 4th instar larvae and adults of A. bipunctata fed on S. avenae grown on wheat plants treated with Probio96 (0.96 and 1.79 unit/mg protein) and Alpha-Iron (0.73, 0.89 units/mg protein) treatments, respectively. The highest activity of alkaline and acid phosphatase enzymes of the 4th instar larvae and adults of two-spotted ladybird was recorded on Biofarm treatment and the lowest activity of these enzymes was observed on Probio96 and control treatments, respectively. Aspartate- and alanine aminotransferase enzymes of adults had the highest and the lowest activity on Biofarm treatment (0.92 and 1.21 units/mg protein, respectively) and control (0.41 and 0.68 units/mg protein, respectively). Generally, the highest activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline and acid phosphatase enzymes in different developmental stages of the two-spot ladybird was related to the Probio96 and Biofarm treatments. This issue can indicate increased need for energy in the Krebs cycle and reducing the harmful effects caused by the secondary metabolites of the consumed food. Therefore, plant-herbivore interactions under the influence of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria has increased the activity of intermediate metabolisms of the A. bipunctata and these bio-fertilizers can be used with biological control agents in integrated S. avenae management programs.
Keywords: Integrated Pest Management, Induced resistance, Bio-fertilizers, Wheat