شته‌های مرتبط با Pistacia mutica (Anacardiaceae) در جنگل‌های پسته در استان کرمانشاه و نکاتی در مورد گونه‌های رایج

Pistacia L. belongs to the family of Anacardiaceae (order Sapindales), which is an economically important including the cultivated pistachio, Pistacia vera L. with edible nuts of considerable commercial importance, where its value has increased over the last three-four decades reaching an annual value of more than $2 billion. Pistacia genus includes 14 taxa (9 species, 5 sub spices) in the world. Pistacia mutica Fisch. & C. A. Mey [also known P. atlantica subsp. mutica] is a forest or mountain pistachio naturally grown in the slope of mountain in Iranian plateau there are about 2,400,000 hectare of wild/mountain pistachio tress in Iran. The fruits of mountain pistachios often used by local inhabitants for different sweets and local pastries, the gum of wild pistachio trees are use as a kind of gums, fragrant and medicinal use too the study area including about 27 pistachio trees and bushes per hectare, with less than 20 cm diameter at breath height. P. mutica has a special compatibility with unfavorable environmental conditions and in the face of challenging with pest insects factors and source of natural control agents where the keep the damages of pest and diseases under economic injury threshold. Aphids are considered as a major pest of P. mutica, most of which belonging to gall-inducing Aphids (Fordini). Gall-forming aphids manipulate their host to gain a better nutrient supply, as well as physical and chemical protection form natural enemies and abiotic factors. However, little data is available on Fordini, which associated with pistachio trees. The diversity and relative abundance of gall-inducing Aphids on pistachio trees was monitored in wild pistachio forest located in Taq-e-Bostan mountains, Kermanshah, Iran. The samples of leaves and branches were selected randomly using a Gardening secator in the wild pistachio growing areas at an altitude of 1400–2500 m above sea level. This study records 5 galling-aphid species of 3 genera in Eriosomatinae: Fordini, as follow: Baizongia pistaciae (Linnaeus, 1767), Forda hirsuta (Mordvilko, 1928), Forda marginata (Koch, 1857), Forda riccobonii (De Stefani, 1899) and Geoica utricularia (Passerini, 1860). F. marginata is the most gall inducing aphids rather than the other species. The data indicates that 93% of trees infests by F. marginata, while 75% of compound pistacia leafs on each tree exhibit infestation, including 25% of infested leaflets.