برسی اثر مواد آلی با منشاء زیستی، عصاره آبی بذر گیاهان و باکتری همزیست با ریشه روی گیاه گوجه‌فرنگی آلوده به نماتد ریشه‌گرهی (Meloidogyne javanica) در شرایط گلخانه

Biological control of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) poses challenges due to their wide host range and high reproduction rate. Chemical pesticides have been commonly used for nematode management, but their high toxicity to humans and animals raises concerns. Nowadays, there is a growing interest in using organic compounds as alternatives to chemical fertilizers and pesticides. In the present study, the effects of fish bone meal, blood meal and seashell powder (1, 2 and 3%), chitosan (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2%), aqueous seed extracts of wild celery (Anthum graveolens) and wild almond (Prunus lycioides) (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4%), and the bacterium Bacillus subtilis (106, 107 and 108 CFU/ml) were evaluated on infected tomato plants with M. javanica. For this purpose, tomato seeds cv. ‘Early-Urbana’ were sown in plastic pots containing 250g. of equal amount of field soil, sand, and decomposed cow manure and kept under greenhouse conditions (27±4 °C and 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness). Seedlings at the four-leaf stage were inoculated with 1500 eggs of M. javania and simultaneously soil drenched with 15 ml of the mentioned organic compounds or 5 ml of B. subtilis. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 23 treatments and four replications of each treatment. After 45 days, all growth parameters of treated tomato plants showed significant improvement compared to the control. Additionally, the reproductive factor of nematodes in plants treated with wild almond, Bacillus subtilis, fish bone meal, blood meal, wild celery, seashell powder, and chitosan at the highest concentration levels decreased by 89.8%, 85.2%, 78.4%, 77.5%, 69.5%, 65.7%, and 62.8%, respectively compared to the control. These findings highlight the effective role of economically unvaluable biologically derived compounds in reducing the damage of M. javanica.