بررسی مدیریت نماتد ریشه گرهی (Meloidogyne javanica) در خیار و گوجه فرنگی در شرایط گلخانه با استفاده از آبامکتین، تریکوران-پی و کود مرغی پوسیده سالنی

In this study, Rugby, domestically produced Abamectin (Vertimec EC2%, Gyah Co.), usual Abamectin (Vertimec EC2%, Syngenta Co.) nematicides, Tricuran-P and composted chicken manure were used in control of root knot nematodes (RKN) in cucumber and tomato in the greenhouse. The nematode species was identified based on morphological and molecular characters, and M. javanica was confirmed. Nematode parameters including the number of galls and egg-mass, the number of nematode juveniles in the soil and juveniles and eggs in the root, reproduction rate, as well as biomass and changes in the amounts of micro and macro elements and soil enzyme activity including urease and acidic alkaline phosphatase enzymes were evaluated. The results showed that in the number of larvae in the soil, the greatest reduction was related to the external Abamectin (Vertimec EC2%, Syngenta Co.) by 95%, followed by the internal Abamectin (Vertimec EC2%, Gyah Co.), of 93%. Tricuran-P, Rugby and chicken manure were in the next ranks. The number of nematode larvae and eggs in the root Tricuran-P included 94% reduction. The highest percentage of reduction in the number of galls was calculated at 82% in Rugby. Regarding the number of egg sacs in the roots, external Abamectin treatment decreased by 79% and then internal Abamectin by 74%. The lowest percentage of reproduction in external Abamectin was 48%. Regarding the plant growth factors (biomass), highest fresh and dry weight of the stem was recorded in external Abamectin and then chicken manure in comparison to infected controls. The highest stem length, fresh and dry weight of roots were recorded in internal Abamectin. Similarly, changes in the amounts of micro and macro elements were recorded accordingly. Regarding the enzyme activities, the treatment of Rugby and chicken manure caused a significant decrease in urease enzyme compared to the control. Based on the average data comparison using Duncan, the highest and the lowest urease enzyme activity after the control are related to external Abamectin treatments of 2.95 µg NH4.g-1 and Rugby and chicken manure with an average of 1.26 µg NH4.g-1, respectively,. The highest activity of alkaline phosphatase enzyme was related to internal and external Abamectin with averages of 67.19 and 66.33 (µg PNP.g-1), respectively, but no significant difference was observed between other treatments and the control. There was no significant difference in acidic phosphatase enzyme activity between all treatments. In conclusion, the results of these tests on cucumber and tomato plants indicated that local abamectin 2% compared to usual Abamectin 1.8% is competitive in the chemical management of root nematodes of these types of products and is a suitable alternative in this regard, which should be implicated in combination with other treatments in these experiments.