بررسی تاثیر فرمولاسیون جدید (کپسوله شده) علف‌کش پندی‌متالین (پرول 45.5% CS) در کنترل علف‌های هرز مزارع پنبه

In order to control weeds in cotton fields, an experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with 9 treatments in 3 replications in Golestan and Ardabil provinces in the crop year of 1402. The treatments were: use of the herbicide treflan (trifluralin 48% EC) 2.5 l/ha, prowl (pendimethalin 45.5% CS) with doses of 2, 3 and 4 l/ha, stomp (pendimethalin 33% EC) with doses of 2, 3 and 4 l/ha, weeding and control treatment. Treflan herbicide was incorporated with soil immediately before planting. Prowl and Stomp were used as pre-emergence (after planting and before the crop emergence). Back sprayer and T-jet nozzle with 2 bar pressure and 300 l/ha of water were used for spraying. The qualitative evaluation of cotton, which includes the plant emergence, the possible changes in its morphology in terms of dwarfing, plant burning, and leaf necrosis, as well as the morphological condition of weeds, was carried out 20 and 45 days after spraying, using the EWRC method. Weed density and dry weight were obtained before harvest in each plot in two 0.5 m*0.5 m quadrates (one in the sprayed part and the other in control part. To determine the cotton yield, the two middle lines in each plot (sprayed and unsprayed part), were harvested. The results were analyzed using SAS 9.2 software and the averages were classified at the 5% probability level with Duncan's test. The results showed that different doses of Prowl and Stomp herbicides did not have any phytotoxicity on the cotton crop. In Golestan province, the density of Cyperus rotundus, Echinochloa colonum, Physalis sp. and Hibiscus trionum was reduced by 93, 85, 79, and 71%, respectively, by 4 l/ha of Prowl. In Ardabil province, the density of Sorghum halepense, Abutilon theophrasti, Echinochloa colonum and Hibiscus trionum was reduced by 100, 91, 81 and 64% compared to the corresponding control treatment by 4 l/ha of Prowl respectively. According to the results of this study, the highest seed cotton yield and the highest percentage of yield increase in Golestan province was obtained by weeding treatment at par with Prowl and Stomp treatments at 4 l/ha, respectively. In Ardabil province, the highest yield was obtained by Prowl at 4 l/ha, at par with Stomp 4 l/ha, Prowl 3 l/ha and weeding treatments. The highest percentge increase in cotton yield was obtained from Prowl treatment at 4 l/ha, followed by Stomp at 4 l/ha, weeding and Treflan treatments. Based on the results of this study, according to the dominant weed species, the use of prowl herbicide with doses of 3-4 l/ha is safe to control weeds in cotton fields in studied area.