ارزیابی کاربرد ترکیبی برخی از باکتری‌های آنتاگونیست و عصاره‌های گیاهی علیه Meloidogyne javanica در گیاه گوجه‌فرنگی

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are one of the most dangerous pathogens in agriculture, and they cause severe economic damage in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Various techniques, including crop rotation, planting of resistant cultivars, application of organic materials, biological control, and nematicide application, have been used to manage these nematodes. In this research, the effect of three bacterial strains, including Pseudomonas fluorecens CHA0 (Pf), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia CPHE1 (Sm), and Bacillus cereus Pt0-RL12 (Bc), and aqueous leaf extracts of charlock mustard (Sinapis arvensis) (Sa), and felty germander (Teucrium polium) (Tp) was investigated on inoculated tomato plants with M. javanica under greenhouse conditions. For this purpose, tomato seeds (cv. Early-Urbana) were sown in plastic pots containing one kilogram of loamy-sandy soil. Four-leaf stage seedlings were soil drenched with 15 ml of bacterial suspension (107 ml/CFU), 50 ml of plant extract and their combination, and simultaneously inoculated with 4000 eggs of M. javanica. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with four replications. After 60 days, plants were harvested and plant growth indices and nematode population indices were investigated. The results showed that the combination of Bc+Sa as the most effective treatment increased the shoot length, shoot fresh, and shoot dry weight of plants by 41.2, 32.7 and 49.9%, respectively, compared to the control plants, but the mentioned indices in the plants that were treated only with Sa and Bc, increased by 23.1, 21.7 and 12.4% and 33.6, 17.7 and 22.3%, respectively, compared to the control plants. Also, the combination of Bc+Sa decreased the number of eggs, galls, egg masses, and the nematode reproduction factor by 73.7, 61.9, 57.6, and 72.4%, respectively, compared to the control plants, but the mentioned indices in the plants that were treated only with Sa and Bc were decreased by 35.3, 31.3, 26.9 and 36.9% and 41.2, 43.3, 39 and 42.2%, respectively, compared to the control plants. These results showed that the combined application of bacteria and plant extract is better than the effect of each one alone to protect tomato plants against M. javanica.