نخستین گزارش از شناسایی برخی قارچ‌های درون‌رُست گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) از مزارع استان گلستان

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the strategic crops in the world. Fungal endophytes, which are considered to be the most important microbiome of plants and soil, increase their yield per unit area in some products along with ecophysiological changes in their host plants .Also, they provide stability in salty, dry soils or climates with biotic and abiotic stresses.The diversity of endophytic fungi has caused these microorganisms to actively absorb nutrients from the soil to the plant , provoke resistance against living and non-living stresses and increase growth and development.This research was done to identify the endophyte fungi of autumn wheat stem by collecting samples in the winter season from the fields of Golestan province, Iran. For initial disinfection, samples were primarily washed with tap water and then stem cut into small pieces of 1 cm. Samples were surface sterilized with 70% ethanol (v/v) for 1 min, 1% sodium hypochlorite (v/v) for 2 min and 70% ethanol (v/v) for 1 min, respectively. Then washed three times with sterile water and drying was done on a sterile filter paper. The samples were plated onto a PDA culture medium. After 3 weeks of growth, purification was carried out by using the hyphal tip method and all isolates were consistently identified on the basis of morphological, and the type of conidia and conidiophore formation. For molecular identification, the DNA extraction was done by the CTAB containing buffer. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of rDNA were amplified using ITS4 and ITS5 primer pair. The sequences was compared with the other sequences in the NCBI, by using the BLAST algorithm. The isolated and identified endophytic fungi from wheat included Alternaria. tenuissima, Fusarium acuminatum, and Penicillium pancosmium. Koch's postulations confirmed that these isolates were non-pathogenic in wheat seedlings.