شناسایی قارچ‌های اندوفیت نخود ایرانی کشت شده در شرایط دیم و آبی

Following the breaking of unprecedented record of temperature rise in the recent years and yield reduction of important agricultural products, including chickpea as the cheapest and richest source of energy and protein for the growing human population, the importance of plant symbiotic microorganisms, including endophytes, due to their ability to increase the resistance of plants against abiotic stresses, they have been considered as one of the key solutions to solve this challenge. In this regard, to identification of endophytic fungi present in the aerial and underground organs of Iranian chickpea under wet and rain-fed conditions, healthy crops were sampled in the fields located at different regions of Kermanshah province, Iran. To isolate endophyte fungi, after washing the samples under running tap water, the leaves, roots and pods were surface sterilized by the immersion sequence in 1% sodium hypochlorite for 1 minute, rinsed three times in sterile distilled water, immersion in 70% ethanol for 10 seconds and rinsed three times in sterile distilled water and the stems were disinfected by immersion in 4% sodium hypochlorite for 2 minutes and rinsed three times in sterile distilled water and seeds also disinfected by immersion sequence in 95% ethanol for 3 minutes, rinsed in sterile distilled water for 1minute, sodium hypochlorite 3.5% + tween 20 (1drop/per10cc sodium hypochlorite) for 2 minutes and rinsed three times in sterile distilled water. After the surface dehydrate of disinfected organs among sterile paper towels, each of the organs placed, on PDA containing 30 mg/liter of antibiotic (chloramphenicol and gentamicin) and the plates were incubated in darkness at 25 oC, and during one month of the samples examination, the fungal isolates grown from the edge of colony were purified from water-agar medium by hyphal tipping method. All 160 isolates obtained, were subjected to identification based on morphological and molecular characterization. Molecular characterization was done based on the sequencing of different genomic regions (CAL, TEF, β-tubulin, ITS, LSU). Among the isolates, Fusarium acuminatum (21 isolates), F. redolense (55 isolates), Chaetomium rectangulare (7 isolates), Aspergillus luchuensis (8 isolates), Cladosporium sp. (12 isolates), Aspergillus sp. (34 isolates) were identified. this investigation reveals that rain-fed chickpea contains the more variety of fungi (79%) compared to the wet chickpea (21%). Based on knowledge, the present research is the first study to identify endophyte fungi of chickpea in Iran.