شناسایی گونه های قارچی اندوفیت جنس Alternaria در ارقام بومی گندم نان ایران

Among the vast world of the fungi, the genus Alternaria, with its numerous population, have inhabited wide range of plants and natural environments such as soil and atmosphere. These fungi have been used in various agricultural and food industries due to their ability to produce a variety of secondary metabolites. For example Alternaria malorum has a significant impact on the control of several important pathogens of mangrove plants. This study was conducted to identify different endophyte fungus species of Alternaria genus in Iranian bread wheat landraces. To isolate the endophyte fungus from wheat seeds, the seeds were sterilized in 70% ethanol for 1 minute, 2% sodium hypochlorite with Tween 20 for 2 minutes, and 70% ethanol for 30 seconds, and finally rinsed three times in sterile distilled water. Likewise, the aerial and underground organs were disinfected in 70% ethanol for 2 minutes, 0.5% sodium hypochlorite with Tween 20 for 2 minutes, and 70% ethanol for 1 minute, and finally rinsed three times in sterile distilled water. After the growth of fungal isolates, morphological and molecular identification based on genomic regions (GPDH and RPB2) was performed. A total of 69% of fungal isolates from seeds and 45% of fungal isolates from aerial and underground organs were identified as belonging to the Alternaria genus. The species identified, included A. kordkuyana، A. malorum، A. Atra, A. alternata، A. chlamydosporigena. The present study is the first research to identify endophyte fungus species belong to Alternaria genus in Iranian bread wheat landraces.