چگونگی مدیریت آفات و بیماری‎های گیاهی در گلخانه‎های شهرستان شهریار ازدیدگاه گیاهپزشکی

One of the most important issues in the world is population growth and increasing demand for food. The health and food experts consider food security as the alphabet of sustainable development. For this growing population, there are two ways to produce food; increasing the area under cultivation, which is not easily possible due to the limited soil and water resources and increasing production per unit area, which is one of the solutions to achieve this goal, is greenhouse cultivation. Considering the high value of greenhouse products and production costs, the damage caused by pests and plant diseases in greenhouses has a high economic loss. The use of inappropriate methods to control pests and diseases causes low food production due to a decrease in the yield and marketability of the product, as well as economic losses due to the cost of high usage of pesticides and producing unhealthy food due to the residue. Therefore, the researcher decided to investigate the management of pests and plant diseases from plant protection point of view, in the greenhouses of Shahriar city of Tehran province, as an example of greenhouses in the country. This research was conducted in the field through a questionnaire in 50 selected greenhouses, all of which were producers of edible crops, including summer vegetables, medicinal plants, and fruits. Preliminary investigations showed that in 96% of the greenhouses, the pest control is done chemically. In the step-by-step regression analysis, the cost factor of buying chemicals per year was considered as the main and dependent variable, and the rest of the factors were considered as independent factors affecting the main variable. The results of the calculations of the regression model and the effect coefficient of each traits studied in the cost of purchasing pesticides in the year show that, 61% of the change coefficient of the cost of purchasing pesticides is related to pesticide usage, about 20% for fungicides and 4.8% for the effect of presence of similar crop planting around the greenhouse. Also, about 2% of this factor was related to the effect of the presence of a shoe disinfection basin in front of the greenhouse entrance. The type of cooling- ventilation system and greenhouse cover were also other influencing factors. Therefore, by carrying out precise scientific and specialized management measures to prevent pests and diseases, the timely supervision of experts along with the appropriate IPM program, it is possible to reduce the economic losses caused by the damage of pests, by spending much less money, prevention endangering the health of greenhouse products consumers and environmental problems due to the residue in food and nature.