پرورش کرم گلوگاه انار روی پسته: رویکردهای زیستی و آماری

The efficiency of pistachio nuts was investigated for the multiplication of carob moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zell.) at 26±1 ℃, 60±10% RH and 16:8 h L:D. The life history data was collected by rearing a cohort of 61 eggs (0-24 h old) individually. The data was analyzed using the two-sex age-stage life table theory. The survival probability from a newly laid egg to larva, pupa, and male and female adult was 0.77, 0.52, and 0.26 and 0.24, respectively. The total immature duration of males (46.62 d) was significantly shorter than that of females (49.13 d). The mean female fecundity was 98.08 eggs/fertile female (n=12) and 78.46 eggs/all females (n=15), respectively. The life expectancy of a newborn E. ceratoniae was 34.83 d, and the reproductive value reached the maximum level (76 d-1) at the age 49 d of the female. The sex ratio was 0.48 (Female proportion), and female moths had longer longevity (8.06 d) compared with males (6.50 d). The population parameters R0, r, and λ were 19.29 offspring, 0.0548 d-1, and 1.0563 d-1, respectively. We set the egg stage as the harvest target and calculated the harvest rate within the age ranges of 54 to 62 d as the discard age in the mass production cycle. When eggs are harvested and the discard age is 62 d, the maximum harvest rate was 0.9481. Therefore, for a daily harvest of 10000 eggs, the daily recruits of 547 eggs, 421 larvae, 287 pupae, 134 females, and 143 males are required in a stable stage structure rearing system. Each carob moth larva damaged and fed upon 2 gr. of raw pistachio to complete its development. Consequently, to meet the larval feeding demand, about 842 gr. pistachio nuts should be provided daily, which imposes a cost of ~$10 (local retail price) to the rearing system as nutritional provision. Therefore, each 1000 eggs of E. ceratoniae cost about $1, without considering the expenses of rearing space, labor, containers etc.