بررسی تاثیر فرمولاسیون نانو نقره در کنترل ویروس موزاییک انجیر در انجیر خوراکی تحت شرایط گلخانه

Fig (Ficus carica) is a plant from the mulberry family (Moraceae), which is native to West Asia. Fig mosaic disease is the most important damaging disease in figs, and several RNA viruses from different families are responsible to induce disease. Due to the antimicrobial property of silver and the increase of this property in the nano scale, it can be used against various plant and animal pathogens. The biosynthesis method of nanoparticles by plant extracts has many advantages and is a simple alternative to complex physical and chemical methods. In this research, purple basil plant has been used for the synthesis of green nanosilver. The purpose of this research is to create tolerance against fig mosaic disease using silver nanoparticles under greenhouse conditions and to investigate the physiological mechanism involved in the biological control of fig mosaic disease under greenhouse conditions following the use of silver nanoparticles. Furthermore, the best method to control fig mosaic virus using silver nanoparticles was studied. After preparation of purple basil extract and the synthesis of nanosilver, the wavelength analysis of nanosilver particles was done with an analytical spectrophotometer and FT-IR, and the synthesis of green nanosilver with attached organic active groups was confirmed. One-year-old yellow fig seedlings with mosaic symptoms were planted in pots under greenhouse conditions and sprayed with concentrations of 50 ppm, 150 ppm or 300 ppm of synthesized silver nano oxide in three replicates. FMV titer was measured using semi quantitative indirect ELISA method semi-quantitative-PTA-ELISA and multi-identical serum prepared from CIHEAM-Bari Research Center in Italy. The results indicated a significant decrease in FMV titer by two times with the application of 300 ppm concentration of silver green nano oxide compared to the untreated control sample up to two months after the treatment. Also, growth indicators of treated fig seedlings such as wet and dry weights, growth rate and chlorophyll content as well as the specific activity of peroxidase stress enzyme (POX) were evaluated quantitatively up to two months after treatment in fig seedlings. The results showed a significant increase in the growth indices and POX enzyme activity by 1.5 times in the treated samples, which can indicate the activation of a systemic defense in the treated fig seedlings. The results of this research can be used to remove FMV from commercial fig seedlings.