سنتز سبز نانوذرات اکسید مس توسط عصاره گیاه مرزنگوش(Origanum marjoram L.) و تاثیر آن در کنترل بیماری موزائیک انجیر

Fig mosaic virus (FMV) is economically the most important viral disease of the fig tree. Copper, as a necessary micronutrient for plants, has been effective in the antioxidant defense and the immune system of plants in the treatment of fungal and bacterial diseases. In this research, the green synthesis of copper nanoparticle was done by the aqueous extract of marjoram plant and its effect of fig mosaic virus was studied. The reducing effect of marjoram plant extract in the production of copper oxide green nanoparticles was measured by an optical spectrometer at a wavelength of 280 nm and the desired absorption peak was obtained. Also, the structural nature and chemical composition of nanoparticles as well as functional groups involved in nanoparticle synthesis were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and the resulted diffraction peaks were corresponded to the monoclinic phase of copper oxide. The results showed the presence of bands related to phenolic, flavonoid and aliphatic compounds in marjoram extract, Measuring the amount of phenolic and flavonoid compounds and separating these compounds by one-dimensional and two-dimensional thin layer chromatography as well as column chromatography of marjoram plant extract were also carried out, Results showed the presence of flavons, flavonols, isoflavones, terpenes and quercetin derivatives in the extract. One-year-old yellow fig seedlings with mosaic symptoms were planted in pots under greenhouse conditions and treated with concentrations of 150 ppm and 300 ppm of synthesized copper nano oxide in three replicates. FMV titer was measured using indirect semi-quantitative ELISA method (PTA-ELISA) using multi-identical serum prepared from CIHEAM-Bari Research Center in Italy. Results indicated a significant decrease in FMV titer by two times with the application of 300 ppm concentration of green nano oxide compared to the untreated control sample up to two months after treatment. Also, growth indicators of treated fig seedlings such as wet and dry weight, growth rate and chlorophyll content as well as the specific activity of peroxidase stress enzyme (POX) were evaluated quantitatively up to two months after treatment on fig seedlings. The results showed a significant increase in the growth factors and POX enzyme activity by 1.5 times in the treated samples, which can indicate the activation of a systemic defense in the treated fig seedlings. The results of this research can be used in remove FMV from commercial fig seedlings.