شناسایی قارچ‌های همراه با پوسیدگی ریشه و پژمردگی بادام‌زمینی (Arachis hypogaea) در منطقه مغان

Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) are classified as oily products because of their high oil capacity. Root and crown rot of peanuts is one of the important and economic diseases of this product in the world. In the summer of 2022, the symptoms of crown rot and sudden wilting of the plant were observed in most of the fields in the Moghan region of Ardabil province, and plants with symptoms were collected and immediately transferred to the laboratory. After isolating the fungi associated with root and crown rot and wilting of peanuts by conventional methods, the identification of the fungi was done based on microscopic morphological and colony characteristics. In order to confirm the identity of species, selected isolates of fungal groups, the ITS-rDNA genomic region using ITS1 and ITS4 primers and in the case of Fusarium isolates, a part of the translation elongation factor 1 alphagene (tef- 1α) were sequenced using EF1 and EF2 primers. Based on the results, the genus Fusarium was the dominant fungal genus in this research with a frequency of 41.91%. Fungal genera of Aspergillus with 25% and Rhizoctonia with 9% of abundance were in the next ranks. Also, Aspergillus niger, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium proliferatum were the most frequent among fungal isolates with 23, 9, 8 and 7%, respectively. In general, in this study, 23 fungal species were identified in 11 genera, which were: Alternaria sp., Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. terreus, Bipolaris spicifera, Chaetomium globosum, Clonostachys rosea, F. acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. compactum, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. redolens, F. semitectum, F. solani, F. sp., Macrophomina phaseolina, Mucor hiemalis, Penicillium sp., Rhizoctonia solani, Trichoderma sp. This study reports Fusarium avenaceum and F. redolens as new species associated with peanuts in both Iran and globally. Additionally, Chaetomium globosum and F. compactum are reported for the first time on peanuts in Iran.