بررسی اثرمایع تخمدانی زنبور پارازیتویید Venturia canescens روی سیستم ایمنی بیدآردEphestia kuehniella(Lep.: Pyralidae)

Biological control is a topic of increasing interest today, aiming to manage pests and diseases with minimal adverse effects on the environment and human health, to the extent that the pest no longer holds economic importance. The objective of biological control is not to eradicate pests that damage plants but to reduce their population to levels that cause minimal harm to agriculture or the environment. This method controls pests through environmental interactions among living organisms.
The Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella (Lep.: Pyralidae), while known as a significant pest of stored products, also serves as an important laboratory host for rearing various natural enemies. Parasitoids are the most prevalent type of natural enemies used in biological control. The wasp Venturia canescens is an endoparasitoid and is considered one of the most important parasitoids of Pyralidae moths. This wasp has been reported on many stored-product pests, and since the secretions of ovarian glands play a significant role in the success of parasitoid wasps, this study aims to elucidate the role and significance of these glands in the biology of the wasp and in biological control, which will greatly aid in uncovering the obscure aspects of wasp biology.
In this study, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was employed to investigate the effect of ovarian fluid of the parasitoid wasp Venturia canescens on the immune system of the flour moth Ephestia kuehniella (Lep.: Pyralidae). To determine the involved metabolic pathways, common metabolites identified between the control and treated groups were entered into MetaboAnalyst using HNMR, and statistically significant pathways for each group were identified. The results indicated that the metabolic pathways of the glutathione S-transferase enzyme system and the aminoacyl-tRNA enzyme system were more significant than other identified pathways. Given that these two main altered pathways are involved in detoxification and protein synthesis, it indicates that the ovarian fluid of the wasp Venturia canescens contains a substance that disrupts and suppresses the immune system.