معرفی بخشی از فون پروانه‌های برگخوار بلوط در حوزه رویشی زاگرس

Caterpillars of defoliating butterflies pose a serious threat to forests, especially oak trees, in the Zagros vegetative region. Annual outbreaks of these key pests occur regularly or periodically, sometimes causing very severe damage across areas spanning several thousand hectares. Identifying and monitoring these pests are crucial in preventing and reducing damage caused by oak defoliation. This study, conducted from 2019 to 2021, aimed to identify important and harmful defoliating pests using morphological and molecular methods from the larval and adult stages, and to estimate the intensity of defoliation through visual and approximate assessment using a standard method in the Zagros vegetative region. Sampling was conducted in spring and summer each year by shaking the trees over a white cloth, focusing only on larvae that were defoliating oak trees, which were then reared in the laboratory. In total, 26 taxa (genera and species) of butterflies belonging to 22 genera and ten families were identified based on COI-Barcode gene sequencing of the immature stages and the morphology of the adults. The names of the identified taxa, including the species and genera introduced for the first time from the Zagros vegetative region (marked with an asterisk), will be presented below; of Macrolepidoptera: Family Noctuidae with five taxa Dryobotodes sp. (Warren), *Amphipyra pyramidea (Linnaeus), Aporophyla nigra (Haworth), Dicycla oo (Linnaeus), *Orthosia cruda (Denis & Schiffermüller), Family Geometridae with three taxa Kresnaia (= Agriopis) beschkovi (Ganev), *Apocheima sp. (Hübner), *Erannis ankeraria (Staudinger), Family Nolidae with one taxon Bena bicolorana (Fuessly), Family Notodontidae with one taxon, Thaumetopoea sp. (Hübner), Family Lasiocampidae with one taxon Eriogaster rimicola (Denis & Schiffermüller), Family Erebidae with eight taxa Catocala abacta (Staudinger), Catocala nymphagoga (Esper), Catocala promissa (Denis & Schiffermüller), *Catocala brandti (Hacker & Kautt), Catocala nympheae (Esper), Euproctis (= Porthesia) melania (Staudinger), Leucoma wiltshirei (Collenette), Lymantria dispar (Linnaeus), Family Sphingidae with one taxon Marumba quercus (Denis & Schiffermüller), from Microlepidoptera: Family Pyralidae with two taxa *Phycita torrenti (Agenjo), *Acrobasis tumidana (Denis & Schiffermüller), Family Tortricidae with two taxa Pammene sp. (Hübner), Tortrix viridana (Linnaeus) and, among the Butterflies: Family Lycaenidae with two taxa Favonius (= Quercusia) quercus (Linnaeus) and Satyrium abdominalis (Gerhard). Among these, Tortrix viridana, Leucoma wiltshirei, Kresnaia beschkovi, Catocala nymphagoga, Catocala nympheae, Dicycla oo, and Euproctis melania had the highest distribution and intensity of defoliation compared to other species. The greatest species diversity was found in the Erebidae and Noctuidae families.