کنترل زیستی بیماری بلایت فوزاریومی گندم با استفاده از باکتری‌های جنس استرپتومایسس جدا شده از خاک مزارع استان آذربایجان‏شرقی

Fusarium blight disease is one of the most serious wheat diseases in the world, caused by the fungus Fusarium graminearum. In addition to causing significant harm to the product and lowering its quality, this pathogen secretes a variety of toxic mycotoxins on infected wheat, including nivalenol, ziralenone, and deoxynivalenol, which are exceedingly dangerous to humans, livestock, and poultry and it can cause a variety of digestive, respiratory, and other issues. So far, numerous strategies of managing this disease have been offered, but biological control with antagonistic agents has attracted the interest of researchers and phytopathologists due to its low environmental footprint. This study aimed to identify and introduce novel Streptomyces bacterium strains capable of managing this disease. First, the soil of several farms in East Azarbaijan was randomly selected, and the resulting samples were cultured using the serial dilution method in SCA media at various dilutions. After screening and purifying the bacterial species, performing various biochemical tests, observing the hyphae-like structures under the microscope, and observing the shape of the colonies, the suspected isolates of the genus Streptomyces were selected and identified using the genus' specific primers (strepB, strepF) by molecular method. The isolates that were determined to belong to the genus Streptomyces were evaluated for their antagonistic potential against Fusarium using the cross-culture method. To do this, these bacteria were grown in a 50/50 culture medium (SCA/PDA) as a cross-culture against Fusarium fungus. Each bacterium was assessed in three replicates with three controls, and the results were analyzed using SPSS and the Tukey and Duncan procedures. Finally, based on the results, four Streptomyces bacteria isolates were discovered with inhibitory capacities ranging from 81.8% to 68%.