اولین گزارش از وقوع و بیماری زایی Fusarium acuminatum بر روی پسته

Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.; Anacardiaceae) is an ancient nut with a long history. Pistachios are one of the most important nut products from an economic point of view in the world and are widely cultivated in the United States and Iran. Pistachio is resistant to drought and salty soil. Despite the tolerance to environmental stress, pistachio trees are sensitive to a wide range of plant pathogens. Like other plants, pistachio trees are attacked by various fungal diseases. In a study in 2022, in pistachio orchards located in East Azarbaijan province, symptoms of yellowing, wilting and vascular discoloration were observed. Pistachio orchards in East Azarbaijan Province including Marand, Jolfa, Shabestar, Sufian and Ilkhchi districts were sampled and the samples were taken to the laboratory. Isolation and purification of fungal isolates was done with common methods in plant pathology. In order to prove the pathogenicity of the isolates, the excised shoots of Pistachio and two-year-old pistachio seedlings were inoculated with fungal isolates with three replications in laboratory and greenhouse conditions, respectively. In order to confirm the identity of the isolated fungi, the TEF gene was amplified using EF1/EF2 primers and the PCR product was sequenced. The isolates were identified by combining morphological characters and molecular data and all five isolates obtained from the present study were identified as belonging to Fusarium tricinctum species complex (FTSC) and Fusarium acuminatum species. Also, the results of the pathogenicity test showed that the isolates of the desired species are pathogenic on pistachios. To the best of our knowledge, F. acuminatum is reported as a pathogenic agent for the first time on pistachio in Iran and in the world.