ارزیابی همزمان باقیمانده 211 آفت کش، سرب و کادمیوم در گندم و آرد گندم: وضعیت فعلی و ارزیابی ریسک سلامتی

The importance of food as the main source of human exposure to pollutants should not be ignored. This issue can lead to serious effects on human health, such as: liver and kidney dysfunction, increase in cardiovascular diseases, anemia, neurological and skeletal problems. Wheat has been one of the main items in the Iranian food basket since ancient times, so it is very important to monitor it in all stages of its production and storage in order to ensure the absence of contaminants. Contaminations of flour factories, including warehouse pests that damage wheat and its products during the storage period until final consumption. Farmers also use pesticides to control or eliminate pests (bacteria, fungi and other organisms), insects and rodents. Due to the widespread and sometimes low-quality use of pesticides in the country, in order to increase yield and reduce post-harvest waste, it has raised concerns about possible adverse effects on human health. One of the most effective ways to reduce these risks is to continuously monitor the permissible limits of all types of poisons consumed in order to carry out timely control measures.
In this research, a safe, quick and convenient method was randomly selected to measure 211 pesticides and 2 metal pollutants in 32 samples of wheat and wheat flour, including wheat stored in factories in Kerman province and wheat flour produced. Separation by QuEChERS technique along with GC-MS-MS and LC-MS-MS was used to determine target toxins and atomic absorption device was used to measure lead and cadmium metals. Then, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment was evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation method (MCS), hazard index (HI) and carcinogenic risk (CR). Based on the results, the residual lead and cadmium metals were found in the wheat and wheat flour samples. The amount of identified lead and cadmium elements in all samples was lower than the maximum tolerance provided by WHO and Iran's national standards INSO 103 and INSO 12968. HI values for adult and child consumers were less than 1 for Pb and Cd residues. CR value was less than 1.0E-6. Therefore, there was no carcinogenic risk for wheat and wheat flour consumers.