ارزیابی کارایی چند علف‌کش در کنترل علف‌های‌‌‌هرز لوبیا (Phaseolus vulgaris) در استان فارس

Legumes are considered the second source of human food among which bean, (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as one of the most important legumes is strongly under weeds competition so that yield reduction due to weeds role has been reported up to 80%. Due to the limitations in registering of new herbicides, especially post-emergence herbicides for the bean crop, this project was implemented to evaluate the efficacy of Imazamox and Bentazone herbicides on the control of broad leaf weeds in bean crop, using a layout of RBCD in 10 treatments and 4 replications, the project was carried out at the research station of Eqlid (Fars province), Iran. The treatments were as follows: 1-3, post emergence application of Imazamox (SL, 4%) at the doses of 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 l ha⁻¹; 4-6, post emergence application of Bentazon (SL, 48%) at the doses of .02, 2.5, and 3.0 l ha⁻¹ (BASF company); 7, preemergence application of Bentazon (SL, 48%) at the dose of 2.5 l ha⁻¹; 8, pre-emergence application of Imazthapir (SL, 10%) at the dose 1 l ha⁻¹, 9; pre-plant application of Trifloralin (EC, 48%) at the dose of 2.5 l ha⁻¹; 10, hand weeding as control. Narrow leaf weeds were treated by the haloxyfop-R-methyl ester (Galant Super, EC, 10.8%), 1 l ha⁻¹ in all the stations 10 days after the application of the tested herbicides. During the implementation of the research and during the different stages of sampling, 16 species of important weeds were identified. Analysis of results revealed that all the broad leaf herbicides induced no stable injury on the bean and their maximum damage appeared as very little pallor or mild and unstable symptoms. The treatments of Imazamox 1 and 1.2 l ha⁻¹ and post-emergence application of Bentazone 3 l ha⁻¹ recorded the 2nd rank of production after the control treatment (weeding). Also, the application of herbicides Imazamox 1 and 1.2 l ha⁻¹ and Bentazon 3 l ha⁻¹ were able to achieve the highest amount of weed control after weeding. Based on the results of the research, the post-emergence herbicides Imazamox 1 l ha⁻¹ and Bentazon 3 l ha⁻¹ could be recommended The optimum time of the application of the herbicides is from the 3rd to 4th leaf stage of the weeds, which coincides with the V4 growth stage (the time when the third three leaflets expand) of bean.