بررسی کارآیی اجزای مدیریت یکپارچه بیماری پژمردگی گوجه فرنگی با عامل Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersicis در استان البرز

The Fusarium oxysporum species complex is renowned for its deleterious impact on plant growth and yield reduction in a range of plant species. Fusarium wilt represents one of the most significant fungal diseases affecting tomatoes. It is of paramount importance to prevent the contamination of tomatoes with the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersicis, given the considerable quantities of this product consumed as fresh vegetables and the likelihood of the presence of mycotoxins. The study aimed to assess the efficacy of integrated management strategies for tomato fusarium wilt disease in greenhouse conditions. The susceptible Banibest cultivar was used as a susceptible control, while selected relatively resistant lines of tomato accession, sourced from the National Plant Gene Bank of Iran, were used as a source of resistance. Two strains of Trichoderma, one natural and one mutant, were used as biological control agents, while Roral TS was used as a chemical control treatment. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse setting and employed a random complete block design with six replicates. The inoculation was done concurrently with a suspension of 106 spores of the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersicis isolate. Subsequently, the progression of the disease was recorded at five distinct stages, namely 7, 14 , 21 , 28, and 45 days post-inoculation, after the emergence of symptoms in susceptible check plants. Following the calculation of the disease index, the results were analyzed using SAS software (version 9.1). The use of resistant lines, biological management, and chemical management, either as standalone treatments or in combination with other strategies, had a beneficial impact on the reduction of disease spread and the disease index. The most effective disease management was the resistant lines, which were treated with the bioagent Trichoderma mutant strain. The disease index exhibited a notable discrepancy by the treatment of the pathogen and the administration of the Trichoderma mutant powder. The application of the Trichoderma mutant strain resulted in a more pronounced reduction in the disease index compared to the use of the conventional Trichoderma strain. Additionally, the application of Trichoderma resulted in an increase in plant height. The application of Rural TS diminished the plant's susceptibility to the disease, yet the high concentration of it resulted in phytotoxicity. Although the use of this agrochemicals in combination with the resistant lines under study had increased the efficiency of disease management, its effect was less than that of the treatment of resistant varieties and Trichoderma strains used. The results of the study showed that integrated disease management is possible with the use of several environmentally friendly methods for the production of healthy crops in greenhouses.