القای مقاومت در گوجه‌فرنگی توسط قارچ Trichoderma spp. و باکتری Bacillus subtilis و تاثیر آن روی سفیدبالک گلخانه Trialeurodes vaporariorum و زنبور Encarsia formosa

One of the ways to reduce pest damage is to induce resistance in plants. Induction of resistance can make the plant unsuitable for the herbivore by making changes in the plant, and by spending the least cost for the plant, it can cause the rapid emergence of defense responses and affect the rate of reproduction and host preference of the herbivore. In this study, the effect of induction of resistance of 3 indigenous isolates of Trichoderma spp. and one of its commercial samples (Trichorun), 5 indigenous isolates of Bacillus subtilis and one of its commercial samples (Serenade) and the chemical compound of salicylic acid on the host preference and oviposition of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) and parasitism rate of Encarsia formosa (Gahan) on T. vaporariorum in the greenhouse conditions was inspected. In this regard, 5 experiments including measuring the effect of treatments on the amount of phenol in tomato (Vadaro 1012), Free choice and No-choice assay of T. vaporariorum, Free choice and No-choice assay of E. formosa were conducted in constant conditions (25 ± 2°C, 60-70% RH and 16:8 h light: dark). The results of this study showed that the Serenade treatment had the best results in measuring total phenol (with an increase of nearly 3 times compared to the control), host preference and oviposition of the greenhouse whitefly and Parasitism rate of E. formosa on T. vaporariorum compared to the control. In plants treated with Serenade, there was a significant decrease in the mean number of insects attracted to the plants in the Free-choice assay (%248), laid eggs (%331), adult emerged in No-choice assay (%130), a significant increase in the mean number of whitefly pupae parasitized by the E. formosa in Free-choice assay (%259) and No-choice assay (%133) was observed compared to the control. The findings of this research showed that plant treatment with B. subtilis and T. harzianum induced resistance to greenhouse whitefly, reduced host preference and egg laying and increase in parasitism rate of E. formosa on the greenhouse whitefly, and their use can be a promising option in the integrated management program of this pest in the greenhouse. The induction of resistance in the plant has no negative effect on the environment and human health, and in the closed environment of the greenhouse, it is easier to use it in combination with other methods of plant protection in order to reduce the population of pest insects.