ارزیابی اثربخشی تیمارهای تغذیه‌ای و اصلاح خاک بر تغییرات جمعیت پروانه چوبخوار پسته

The indirect effects of fertilizer practices that are done by changing the composition of the nutrients of the product affect the plant's resistance to many insect pests. Excessive and inappropriate use of non -organic fertilizers can cause nutrient imbalances and reduces pests resistance. In this study, changes in the population of Kermania pistaciella Amsel (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) influenced by natural soil use as an organic compound And environmentally friendly, compared to conventional treatments for feeding pistachio trees and soil reform, was investigated during the year 2018. The pistachio garden located in Rafsanjan city with an area of 5 hectares of 40 -year -old trees was selected for experimentation. This study was performed in the form of a completely random design in 5 reps. 11 treatments include natural minerals (powder) and its combination with gypsum and composition with animal fertilizer, decayed animal manure, its composition with gypsum and composition with fertilizer containing micro -soil elements consumed, chicken manure in pellet form, windblown sand, water and soil acidity modifier, soil modifier (anti-salinity compound) and control (without fertilizer consumption and modified compounds). At the same time as the withdrawal of pistachio twig borer moth larvae from the beginning of March, the evaluation of population changes was conducted by continuous examination of the process of pest larvae and pupae formation. For each repetition, 20 one -year branches (10 branches on the east and 10 branches on the western side of the tree) were monitored weekly for the presence of a pupa. The position of infected branches and pups on the branches was marked with distinctive color ribbons, and each pupa was examined weekly until the butterflies exit. Thus, the distribution and percentage of contaminated branches, the length of the cheating period, the mortality of the pupae, the percentage of complete insects, and the process of changes in pest population affected by various treatments were evaluated. The peak of the pistachio twig borer pupa on the west side of the animal manure composition with gypsum, the chicken manure in pellet form treatment and treatment of the natural mineral biochar of Kouhbanan (powder) and mineral gypsum occurred a little earlier and on 25 March. The average length of the ceiling period for the biochar treatment with a 15.51 ± 6.36 day was the shortest length of the period, and for the treatment of mineral gypsum with 24.24 ± 7.37 days, the highest length was compared to other treatments. The highest mortality rate was influenced by gypsum treatment with an average of 36.04 % and the lowest mortality rate was 5.27 %. The highest percentage of contaminated branches with 7.5 % was related to control treatment and the lowest rate with 2.8 % was related gypsum.