تأثیر گوگرد بر انبوهی جمعیت پسیل معمولی پسته در شرایط صحرایی

The common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckardt and Lauterer (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), is one of the most important pests of pistachio trees in Iran. Many pesticides were used to control it, every year. Although the protection of plants by chemical pesticides is a major factor to increase yield, but excessive use of these pesticides will result in environmental hazards. Therefore, using of safer compounds to control of this pest is essential. In this study, the effects of micronized sulfur (10, 20, 30 and 40 Kg/1000 L), spirotetramate (Monvento®, SC 10%) (0.75 L/1000 L) and control (water) were investigated on the population density of eggs and nymphs of A. pistaciae at a ‘Akbari’ pistachio orchard as randomized complete block design with 4 replicates under field conditions. The samplings were done 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after treatment. The results indicated that the application of micronized sulfur (30- 40 Kg/1000 L) reduced the population density of eggs 47-51, 61-84, 53-55, 90-94 and 10-22% respectively at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after treatment. A last sampling date, 10-20 Kg/1000 L concentrations were more effective and decrease the population density of eggs 37-47%. However, spirotetramate pesticide had lower effect on the population density of eggs at 3, 7 and 14 days after treatment (37, 19 and 5% reduction of population density, respectively), but showed the same performance as some of concentrations of sulfur (10 and 20 Kg/1000 L) at 21 (95% reduction) and 28 (47% reduction) days after treatment. Also, micronized sulfur (20- 40 Kg/1000 L) decreased the population density of nymphs 72-95, 95-97, 96-98, 73-94 and 85-88% respectively at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after treatment. But spirotetramate decreased population density of nymphs 48, 92, 83, 86 and 89%respectively at these days. The results of this study showed that using of micronized sulfur as Eco-friendly pesticide, is more appropriate to control quick and safner of A. pistaciae compared to spirotetramate pesticide.