استفاده از عصاره گیاه فرفیون در کنترل کنه واروآ (Varroa destructor)

Honey bee hives provide a suitable habitat for a variety of parasites and pathogens by maintaining the optimal temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide level, abundant availability of host bees throughout the year, protein (pollen), carbohydrates (honey) and food, wax, provide a suitable habitat for all kinds of parasites and pathogens. Among the different parasites, the Varroa mite is a global concern in the beekeeping industry. The use of various Varroa mite control methods, especially the use of chemical poisons, has attracted the attention of beekeepers. Due to the speed of growth of Varroa in Honey bee colonies, no poison has had a definite effect on it. These toxins, in addition to contaminating honey bee products, have made the varroa mite resistant to other chemical toxins as well. In this research, in order to introduce a natural acaricide to control and treat the Varroa mite without the harmful effects of chemical poisons and preserve the health of humans and honeybee, the extract of Spurge plant in concentrations of 20% and 40% (each concentration in four replicates) and four strips Apistan was used as control for four hives. This experiment was conducted in the Kurdistan Research Center. For this purpose, the aerial parts of the plant (Leaves, stems and flowers) were collected in the spring of 2023. After drying and pulverizing the plant, its extract was prepared using a soxhlet extractor and concentrated with a rotary, and then its extract was prepared in concentrations of 20% and 40%. In order to observe the effect of plant extract on mite and honey bee, in September 2023, using a spray of 25 cc on 12 honey bee hives with ten frames, the extract was sprayed once every five days (at 10 am). It was observed that the concentration of 20% and 40% of Spurge extract caused the death of 29.8± 1.14 and 52.61± 2.05 Varroa mites and 6.7 ± 0.87 and 9.7 ± 1.26 honeybees respectively. The results showed that Spurge extract can have a negative effect on honeybees in addition on Varroa mite. This matter can be due to the presence of certain toxic compounds in the extract of this plant.