بررسی کارایی آب فعال پلاسما در کنترل پسیل معمولی پسته (Agonoscena pistaciae)

Pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckharat & Lauterer (Hem.: Psyllidae), is the most important pest of pistachio orchards in Iran. Pistachio psylla, immediately after opening buds in the first days of spring, begins to operate and its population usually increases rapidly. This pest reduces the quantity and quality of product. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of plasma activated water (PAW) in pest control, two experiments including direct effect on the pest population and synergistic effect on the effectiveness of common insecticides were conducted in two regions of Rafsanjan and Qazvin. The research was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 6 treatments(the first experiment includes PAW with acidity of 6, 6.5, 7 and 7.5, acetamiprid insecticide (Moospilan®, SP20%; concentration 250 ppm), and normal water; and the second test includes acetamiprid with normal water, spirotetramat (Movento®, 500 ppm concentration) with normal water, acetamiprid with PAW, spirotetramat with PAW, normal water, PAW) and 4 replications, during 2023. Samplings were carried out one day before and 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after spraying. At each sampling time, the total number of nymphs on 4 leaf (3 leaflets) from different directions per tree were counted. Based on the field studies, in direct application, the PAW treatment (with 55.6% efficiency) had the same efficiency as normal water and lacked the same durability as the pesticide (with 81.9% efficiency). Also, the efficiency of spirotetramat combined with normal water and PAW was observed to be 94.4 and 92.4%, respectively, and the use of PAW in mixing with chemical pesticides had no synergistic effect. Therefore, it is not recommended to use the combination of plasma activated water to control the pistachio psylla.